European History

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Introduction

As Europe approached the modern era, war no longer plagued most of Europe, and peace and prosperity seemed likely to continue. The Soviet Union fell in 1991, resulting in a Europe that is, for the most part, democratic and unified. Its nations, however, are faced with ageing populations and falling birthrates, making it increasingly challenging to sustain expensive programs of social services. As the twenty-first century began, the continent was troubled by restiveness among its millions of immigrants, mostly from Islamic nations, who often occupied low economic positions and did not seek or desire cultural assimilation. Incidents of conflict and violence were on the rise, while the stream of those wanting to enter continued unabated.