Pablo Picasso(1881-1973) - Founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism.
Pagan - Of or relating to classical, non-Christian religions.
Paris Commune(1871) - Socialist government briefly ruling Paris, formed by a civil uprising of post-Franco-Prussian War revolutionaries.
Parlements - Law courts of the ancien régime in France.
Parliamentarians - Anything associated with a parliament; sometimes refers to Roundheads(English Civil War).
Paris Peace Conference(1919) - A six-month international conference between the Allied and Associated Powers and their former enemies; proposed Treaty of Versailles.
Peace of Westphalia(1648) - A series of treaties ending the Thirty Years' War.
Peasants' War(1524-1526) - A mass of economic and religious revolts in Germany (Protestant Reformation).
Peninsular War(1808-1814) - A major conflict during the Napoleonic Wars, fought in the Iberian Peninsula; Spain, Portugal, and Britain vs. France.
Perspective - Artistic technique used to give a painting the appearance of having three dimensions by depicting foreground objects larger than those of the background (Renaissance).
Philosophes - A group of French philosophers of the Enlightenment, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon(1809-1865) - French anarchist, most famously asserting "Property is theft."
Politburo(Political Bureau) - The executive organization for Communist Parties.
Politique - A term used in the 16th century to describe a head of state who put politics and the nation's well being before religion.
Popolo - The poor, working class of Italy (Renaissance).
Predestination - The religious idea that God's decisions determine destiny; particularly prevalent in Calvinism (Protestant Reformation).
Presbyterianism - A Protestant church based on the teachings of John Calvin and established in Scotland by John Knox (Protestant Reformation).
Proletariat - A lower social class; term used by Karl Marx to identify the working class.
Protectorate - A relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region; the protected country or region.
Protestant Wind - Term used to refer to one of two incidents in which weather favored Protestants in battle: 1) the storm which wrecked the Spanish Armada, preventing an invasion of England (1588); 2) the favorable winds that enabled William III to land in England and depose the Catholic King James II (1688).
