European History

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Chart of Key Religions

The below chart offers a simple summary of key details of the major Protestant religions that came to formation, as well as Catholicism.

Religion	Key Beliefs/Documents	Sacraments	Key People and Locations	Church/State Relationship
Lutheranism	Saved by faith alone No sale of indulgences Church attendance is not mandatory; instead individual prayer and Bible reading There is no purgatory Reject papal authority	Two: Baptism Communion (consubstantiation)	Martin Luther Huss and Wycliffe (foundation of ideas) Located in North Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark	The state is more important than the church
Calvinism (aka Prestbyterians, Puritans, Huguenots)	Predestination - God has saved an "elect" group of people, but a person's actions during his or her lifetime indicates the likelihood of him being one of the elect Prayer and work are the hallmarks of society Possession of luxury items indicate arrogance	Two: Baptism Communion, which is simply symbolic	John Calvin Nobles and middle class Located in eastern parts France, Scotland, England, Bohemia, the Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands	The church is more important than the state
Catholicism	Saved by the grace of God alone through faith and works You need to attend church, only valid authority for interpretation is the Magisterium's Traditions, not just Scripture, are sources of doctrine Extra ecclesiam nulla salus - there is no salvation outside the Church Papal authority	Seven: Baptism Reconciliation: first confession First communion (transubstantiation) Confirmation Marriage Holy orders: priest(only men) Last rites (Annointing of the Sick)	Throughout Europe, especially in France, Bavaria, the Iberian countries, Austria, Poland and Italy	The church is more important than the state