French

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neither...nor

ne...pas du tout not at all

ne...pas encore not yet

ne...personne

nobody

ne...plus

no longer

ne...guère

hardly

ne...que

only

ne...rien

nothing

ne...personne wraps around the entire verb set.

Je ne l'ai donné à personne. - I did not give it to anyone.

Je ne veux le donner à personne. - I do not want to give it to anybody.

ne...ni...ni requires two objects, either direct or indirect, and comes before them.

Je ne l'ai donné ni à mon frère, ni à ma s?ur. - I gave it neither to my brother nor my sister.

Je ne peux voir ni mon frère ni ma s?ur. - I am able to see neither my brother nor my sister.

In ne...aucun(e), aucun(e) goes before an object.

Il n'a aucun ami. Aucun. - He has no friend. None.

Il n'a aucune feuille de papier. Aucune. - He has no sheet of paper. None.

Il n'a qu'une feuille de papier. - He has only one piece of paper.

Je ne peux guère voir mon frère et ma s?ur - I can hardly see my brother and sister.

Spoken French

Now, the 'ne' sometimes disappears when one speaks. However, it is always used in written French and for formal conversations.

Je ne l'ai donné à personne (I didn't give it to anyone)

Je ne sais pas (I don't know)

Summary

To say not, never or other negative verbs you have to 'sandwich' the negative words around a verb.

Example:

Il n'y a pas de cinéma. (meaning: "There is not a cinema")

On ne peut jamais aller en boite. (meaning: "You can never go partying") Il n' y a rien à faire ici. (meaning: "There is nothing to do here") If " ne " is before a vowel then it changes to " n' ".

Prepositions

Common prepositions

Prepostion Translation

Example

Notes

-Expresses a report/ratio of place

Je vais à Paris. -- I am going to Paris.

(to), time (at),

1. to

possession (of or 's), means,

Je pars à cinq heures. -- I am leaving at five

2. at

manner, price.

à

3. of

C'est un ami à moi. -- This is a friend of

- Introduced a complement of

4. in

mine.

indirect object or a complement

C'est la voiture à John. -- This is John's car. of attribution, a complement of the name or adjective.

next to,

Le chien est à côté du (du= de le) chat. The

à côté de

besides

Dog is next to the cat.

à l'intérieur

l'air à l'intérieur de la maison

Alternative: dedans (rarely used

inside

de

the air inside the house

as a preposition)

On mange après avoir bu

après

after

Also an adverb.

We eat after we drink

Ils sont avec leurs familles. They are with

avec

with

their Families.

chez

at the home of Il est allé chez lui. He went home.

Les livres sont dans la bibliothèque. The

dans

in

Synonym: en

books are in the library.

Also an indefinite artcle.